Chữ Nôm
A concise reference guide to Chữ Nôm and its role in Vietnamese literary history.
Articles
Published articles
Every public article in the reference, across topic clusters. Browse by topic on Topics for cluster context and related tags.
Quốc Ngữ
What Quốc Ngữ is, how it developed, and why it became the modern Vietnamese writing system.
Vietnamese Writing Systems: A Reference Overview
An overview of how Vietnamese has been written in Chữ Hán, Chữ Nôm, and Quốc Ngữ.
Chữ Hán in Vietnam
How Chinese characters functioned in Vietnamese literary, political, and scholarly life.
Why Vietnamese Uses the Latin Alphabet
A short explanation of how a Latin-based script became standard for Vietnamese.